Objective,2,To observe the clinical effect of Bufei Yishen Decoction combined with conventional western medicine on patients with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in stable stage and with lung-kidney deficiency syndrome， and investigate its influence on the level of serum inflammatory factors of patients.,Methods,2,Totally 120 patients with moderate or severe COPD in stable stage and with lung-kidney deficiency syndrome were randomly divided into a treatment group （,n,=60） and a control group （,n,=60）. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine， while the treatment group was treated with Bufei Yishen Decoction besides the treatment measures of the control group. The course of treatment of both groups was 3 months， and the patients were followed up for 1 year after treatment. The clinical effect was observed， the changes of TCM syndrome scores， pulmonary function indexes， the 6-min walking test （6MWT）， chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test （CAT） score， annual acute exacerbation frequency and serum levels of inflammatory factors were compared， and the safety evaluation was also conducted.,Results,2,①The total effective rate of treatment group was 83.33% and that of control group was 31.67%， and the treatment group showed more significant clinical efficacy than the control group （,P,<,0.01）. ②After treatment and at the end of follow-ups， the TCM syndrome scores in the treatment group decreased （,P,<,0.05， ,P,<,0.01）， while the TCM syndrome scores in the control group increased （,P,<,0.05）. After treatment and at the end of follow-ups， TCM syndrome scores in the treatment group were comparatively lower than those in the control group （,P,<,0.05）. ③After treatment， the frequency of acute exacerbations in the treatment group decreased （,P,<,0.01） and was lower than that in the control group （,P,<,0.05）. ④According to the intra-group comparison before and after treatment， there was an increase in the forced expiratory volume in the first second （FEV,1,） and 6MWT in the treatment group after treatment （,P,<,0.05， ,P,<,0.01）， while the pulmonary function indexes and 6MWT in the control group did not change significantly after treatment （,P,>,0.05）. Compared with the condition before treatment， there was an increase in the 6MWT in the treatment group at the end of follow-ups （,P,<,0.05）， while the lung function indexes and 6MWT in the control group had no significant change （,P,>,0.05）. After treatment and at the end of follow-ups， FEV,1,， FEV,1,/FVC and 6MWT in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group （,P,<,0.05）. ⑤Compared with the CAT scores before treatment， the CAT scores in the two groups were lowered after treatment and at the end of follow-ups （,P,<,0.01）； The CAT scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group after treatment and at the end of follow-ups （,P,<,0.05）. ⑥After treatment， the level of IL-10 in serum increased （,P,<,0.05）， but the IL-17 and TNF-α levels in serum decreased in the treatment group （,P,<,0.01）. There were significant differences in serum IL-10， IL-17 and TNF-α levels between the two groups after treatment （,P,<,0.05， ,P,<,0.01）. ⑦During the trial， there was no significant adverse reaction in the two groups.,Conclusion,2,Bufei Yishen Decoction combined with conventional western medicine is effective in treating patients with moderate or severe COPD in stable stage and with lung-kidney deficiency syndrome， because it can effectively reduce the frequency of acute exacerbations， improve the lung function， exercise endurance and quality of life of patients， and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of serum inflammatory factors.