This paper has summarized the main points of modern medicine knowledge of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and the basic understanding， syndrome differentiation and treatment of the disease in traditional Chinese medicine. By reviewing the historical changes in the understanding of febrile diseases， this paper aims to discuss how to identify and understand febrile diseases from the modern medicine perspective. Additionally， specific problems in the clinical diagnosis and treatment have been contemplated based on the comparisons between epidemic hemorrhagic fever in real life and hemorrhagic fever in historical records.