Objective,2,To observe the clinical effect of Xinqingkai Decoction on chronic HBV infection-induced liver cirrhosis complicated with mild hepatic encephalopathy (MHE).,Methods,2,Sixty-eight patients with chronic HBV infection-induced liver cirrhosis complicated with MHE were randomly divided into prevention and treatment group (,n,=34) and control group (,n,=34). On the basis of routine treatment of antivirus and liver protection, as well as symptomatic support treatment, the prevention and treatment group was administered with Xinqingkai Decoction orally, while the control group was administered with Lactulose Oral Solution. The course of treatment in both groups was 30 days. The clinical prognosis of the two groups was observed, and the changes of neuropsychological test indexes (NCT-A, DST), related biochemical indexes [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (A), blood ammonia and endotoxin in liver function] and microbiological quantitative analysis indexes of intestinal microbiota were compared before and after intervention.,Results,2,①A total of 64 cases completed the experiment, 33 cases in the prevention and treatment group and 31 cases in the control group. ②There were significant differences in NCT-A and DST levels before and after treatment within both groups. NCT-A levels reduced significantly and DST levels increased significantly after treatment (,P,<,0.05); After treatment, the improvement of NCT-A and DST levels in the prevention and treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group (,P,<,0.05). ③There were significant differences in levels of ALT, AST, albumin, blood ammonia and endotoxin before and after treatment within two groups. The levels of ALT, AST, blood ammonia and endotoxin decreased significantly and the level of albumin increased significantly (,P,<,0.05); After treatment, the improvement of ALT, AST, albumin, blood ammonia and endotoxin levels in the prevention and treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group (,P,<,0.05). ④The levels of ,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,Bifidobacterium, and ,Lactobacillus, were significantly different before and after treatment within the two groups. The levels of ,Escherichia coli, decreased significantly, while the levels of ,Enterococcus faecalis,Bifidobacterium, and ,Lactobacillus, increased significantly (,P,<,0.05). After treatment, the level of ,Escherichia coli, in the prevention and treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the level of ,Bifidobacterium, was significantly higher than that in the control group (,P,<,0.05). ⑤ After the course of treatment, no case was found turning into clinical hepatic encephalopathy in both groups. The recovery rate of the two groups was 27.3% and 6.5%, respectively, and the recovery rate was significantly higher in the prevention and control group than that in the control group (,P,<,0.05).,Conclusion,2,Xinqingkai Decoction has certain prevention and treatment effects on chronic HBV infection-induced liver cirrhosis complicated with MHE as it can better improve the cognitive ability, liver function, blood ammonia and endotoxin levels, regulate intestinal microbiota and improve the clinical outcome.