Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Hubei pneumonia No.1 formula in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). MethodsWith the Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database Platform(TCMSP),the chemical constituents and action targets of Hubei pneumonia No.1 formula were screened. Through the gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the SARS infected patient,the SARS differential genes were analyzed,and the intersection of corresponding target and the SARS target was obtained through the Venny tool,that is,the therapeutic target. And Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis were performed by R 3.6.1 clusterProfile to predict the potential mechanism. Auto Dock Vina 1.1.2 was used for molecular docking to study the interactions of each chemical component with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase(M,pro,).  Results:A total of 108 potential therapeutic components were screened,and a total of 34 core therapeutic components were screened. The therapeutic targets involved HSP90AA1,CASP8,FASLG,CYP19A1,MAPK14,etc.61 pathways were related to COVID-19(P,<,0.05)in KEGG pathways enrichment screening,including inflammatory mediator pathways of TRP channels,T cell receptor signaling pathways,apoptotic pathways,B cell receptor signaling pathways and so on. The results of molecular docking showed that glyasperin F,glabrene,oroxylin a,5,7,4′-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone,acacetin and baicalein had strong affinity with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase(M,pro,).  Conclusion:Hubei pneumonia No.1 formula participates in many immune and inflammatory pathways,and may treat COVID-19 by balancing immunity and anti-inflammatory factors. Eight core therapeutic components may have potential anti-COVID-19 effects.