The incidence of tumors has been increasing due to the continuous extension of human life span and the rapid development of early diagnosis. Simultaneously, the improvement of the comprehensive curative effects of tumors has kept the tumor survival population expanding. Under the principle of adhering to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) discipline development rules, we should inherit the essence of Chinese civilization, TCM classics and the practical experience of TCM doctors of past dynasties, and actively integrate modern scientific concepts and technologies such as oncology, immunology, system biology and artificial intelligence, etc. These views help to enrich the prevention and control theory and technical system of “strengthening vital qi to treat cancer”, and are further conducive to promoting the innovative development of oncology and the improvement of comprehensive curative effects.