The methods of preventing and treating coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) with traditional Chinese medicine was discussed based on the Treatise on Spleen and Stomach, which was written due to the Bianjing pestilence. Li Dongyuan attached great importance to strengthening body resistance for the treatment of internal injuries, whose therapeutic thinking is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases. Based on the analysis of the pathogenic characteristics, clinical characteristics and pathological immune responses of COVID-19, it is believed that the occurrence and progress of the disease are closely related to the deficiency of the spleen and stomach and the yin-fire overwhelming the lungs. Nourishing the spleen and stomach and purging yin-fire can be used to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19.