Based on the study of the understanding of epidemic disease in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), the influence of Yunqi theory on epidemic situation and the characteristic of prescriptions and medicines for the prevention and treatment of epidemic disease in TCM, this paper discusses the practical significance of ancient Chinese anti epidemic theory and its clinical guiding value for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. It is believed that combined with the theory of Yunqi, the cause of COVID-19 is that the water and fire are mutually controlled at the end of 2019. It is estimated that the large-scale spread of COVID-19 will be controlled in March 2020 and eliminated in June to August. The high-frequency TCM for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is mainly aromatic resuscitation medicine, heat clearing and detoxification medicine, wind dispelling and deficiency tonifying medicine,but the way of formulation is different due to the different stages of the disease.