This paper explores the pharmacological understanding and inheritance of ancient Chinese medicines from following aspects: collecting Chinese medicines according to the year to acquire the essence of heaven and earth; getting the actions of Chinese medicines in the meridians with the same nature of the medicines; seeking pharmacological properties and actions of Chinese medicines based on the natural shape and texture of Chinese medicines; distinguishing Chinese medicines by the method of analogy; obtaining active ingredients and removing toxins of Chinese medicines by processing and compatibility; understanding the pharmacology of Chinese medicines by tasting and testing.