Objective:To explore the thoughts and clinical experience of doctors in Tang and Song dynasties in diagnosing and treating epidemic diseases by using the methods of literature collation and data mining. MethodsThis study chose representative works in traditional Chinese medicine of Tang and Song dynasties－Waitai Miyaofang(Medical Secrets of an Official), Qianjin Yaofang(Invaluable Prescriptions for Ready Reference),Taiping Shenghuifang (Peaceful Holy Benevolent Prescriptions)and Taiping Huimin Hejijufang(Prescription of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary) as the research object to extract the prescriptions and Chinese medicines for the treatment of epidemic diseases in the four books by using the methods of literature collation and data mining, and then deeply analyzed the Chinese medicines which were used frequently, and summarized the commonly used Chinese medicines and their compatibility by the method of correlation intensity.  Results:Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae) and Maidong(Radix Ophiopogonis) were the most commonly used Chinese medicines for the treatment of pestilence； Changshan(Radix Dichroae), Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae) and Biejia(Carapax Trionycis) were the most commonly used for the treatment of malaria； Renshen(Radix Ginseng), Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae) and Shengjiang(Herba Stelmatocryptonis Khasiani) were the most commonly used for the treatment of cholera. In the total Chinese medicines for the treatment of epidemic diseases, tonic Chinese medicines accounted for 30%, mainly tonifying qi and yin, followed by surface-relieving Chinese medicines (20%), and heat-clearing Chinese medicines (12%) accounted for the same proportion as warming the interior Chinese medicines (11%).  Conclusion:According to the theory of syndrome differentiation through formula effect assessment, it can be inferred that the pathogenesis of qi deficiency, yin deficiency, cold and heat may appear in the epidemic diseases in the Tang and Song dynasties, and strengthening the healthy qi and dispelling pathogens is the main treatment principle of the epidemic diseases in this period.