The pharmacological and clinical research progress of cocoon shell was reviewed. Cocoon shell is not only a natural biomaterial with excellent properties, but also can be used as medicine after processing. It has the effects of hemostasis, thirst-quenching, detoxification and sore treatment. According to the modern medical research, cocoon shell hydrolysate can improve immunity, reduce blood sugar, promote cell proliferation, protect liver, and have antibacterial effects. Clinically, cocoon shell has significant effects on the treatment of diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome and diabetes insipidus of women, etc.