Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Xiexin Ningshen decoction in the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of the heart-liver fire hyperactivity type. MethodsOne hundred and forty-four children with ADHD of the heart-liver fire hyperactivity type were randomly assigned into treatment group and control group, 72 children in each group. The treatment group was treated with Xiexin Ningshen decoction and the control group was given piperformate hydrochloride sustained release tablet. The treatment course was 12 weeks. Changes in TCM syndrome score and hyperactivity index and safety were observed in the groups.  Results:①After treatment for 12 weeks, the total effective rate was 84.72% and 80.56% in the treatment group and the control group, respectively. ②After treatment, mean of the TCM syndrome (primary and secondary) scores decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05). After treatment, there was significant difference in edginess scores (P<0.05), with no statistically significant difference in other scores between the groups (P>0.05). ③After treatment, scores of the Conners parent symptom questionnaire and the hyperactivity index decreased significantly in the groups (P<0.05), with no statistically significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). ④The safety index was normal and there were no major adverse reactions in the groups after treatment.  Conclusion:Xiexin Ningshen decoction is effective in the treatment of children with ADHD of the heart-liver fire hyperactivity type, and improves the symptoms of hyperactivity in children, which is worthy of promotion and application.