Objective:To explore the effects of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae on the levels of inflammatory factors in serum of septic rats by miRNA-155. MethodsWistar rats were divided into normal control group, sepsis model group, Chinese medicine (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) group and miRNA-155 inhibitor group, 15 rats in each group. Except the normal group, sepsis model was established with rats in the other groups and drugs were given accordingly. At 3 hours after modelling, the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were detected, and the expression of miRNA-155 in serum was detected by RT-PCR.  Results:The expression of miRNA-155 and the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were higher in the model group than in the normal control group (P<0.05). The expression of miRNA-155 and the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were lower in the Chinese medicine group and the miRNA-155 inhibitor group than in the model group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the expression of miRNA-155 or the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 between the Chinese medicine group and the miRNA-155 inhibitor group (P>0.05).  Conclusion:Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae may reduce the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum of septic rats through miRNA-155, thereby alleviating the inflammatory reactions of sepsis.