The ancient people’s understanding of etiology and pathogenesis and their thinking on prevention and treatment of epidemic disease in the pre-Qin period are studied by exploring the descriptions of epidemic disease in Shan Hai Jing. In prevention and treatment of epidemic disease, Shan Hai Jing has the characteristics of prevention before disease onset, preferred use of drugs that were sour and sweet in property and paying attention to external treatment. It is of great value in exploring the origin of epidemic disease and guiding modern diagnosis and treatment of the disease.