This paper reviews the research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine regulating immune cells in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma is mainly characterized by chronic airway inflammation, and its pathogenesis involves a variety of immune cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, helper T cells, mast cells, dendritic cells and innate lymphocytes, etc.) and corresponding cytokines. Compound Chinese traditional medicine (Pingchuan Formula and Shegan Mahuang Chonglou Decoction etc.) and Chinese medicine extract (astragaloside and astragalus polysaccharide etc.) relieve airway inflammation and airway remodeling state in bronchial asthma by regulating immune cells.