Objective:To determine the potential chemical compositions and their contents in the different isolated parts (numbered SF-1 to SF-7) of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction, and observe their effects on eutopic endometrial cells in patients with endometriosis. MethodsThe samples of different parts (SF-1 to SF-7) were prepared by steam distillation, decoction, alcohol precipitation and D101 macroporous adsorption resin. The qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed by high performance liquid chromatography. The volatile oil components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The activity screening on each part of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction was conducted through culturing the eutopic endometrial cells in patients with endometriosis.  Results:The different extraction parts of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction were separated, and the main components and contents of different extraction parts were determined. The different extraction parts promoted the cell growth at low concentrations and inhibited the cells at high concentrations. The activity of different extraction parts were SF-3>SF-4>SF-7>SF-6>SF-5>whole decoction>SF-2>SF-1.  Conclusion:The different extraction parts of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction show the different components and contents, and there are significant differences on the activity between the different extraction parts.