Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum IL-1β level and deficiency and excess syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and provide new objective basis for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment on chronic hepatitis B. Methods156 patients with CHB were included,among which 120 cases in the abnormal liver function group and 36 cases in the normal liver function group. The abnormal liver function group was further divided into the deficiency syndrome group and excess syndrome group according to the clinical manifestations. The peripheral blood of patients was collected. The expression level of IL-1β in peripheral blood was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the correlation between IL-1β level and liver function,deficiency syndrome,excess syndrome was analyzed.  Results:①The serum IL-1β expression level in the abnormal liver function group was obviously higher than that in the normal liver function group (P<0.05). ②Among the CHB patients with abnormal liver function,the IL-1β expression level in the deficiency syndrome group was obviously higher than that in the excess syndrome group (P<0.05).  Conclusion:IL-1β may be an objective indicator for classification of deficiency and excess syndrome and a new pointcut for immunological therapy in CHB patients.