Objective:To observe the effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction, Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction and Danshen Drink on the biological characteristics of erythrocyte membrane in hyperlipidemia rats, and clarify the target and mechanism of three prescriptions on the erythrocyte membrane in hyperlipidemia. MethodsNinety SD rats, male and female in half, were randomly divided into the Buyang Huanwu Decoction groups with high (14.0 g crude drug·kg-1) and low-dose (3.6 g crude drug·kg-1), Danshen Injection groups with high- (3.6 g crude drug·kg-1) and low-dose (0.9 g crude drug·kg-1), Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction groups with high-(4.8 g crude drug·kg-1) and low-dose (1.2 g crude drug·kg-1), positive control simvastatin group (2.0 mg·kg-1), model group and blank group. The rat model of hyperlipidemia was replicated by intragastric administration of fat emulsion for 20 days. Then each group was treated with the corresponding drug treatment for 10 days, meanwhile, the fat emulsion treatment was continued to maintain the hyperlipidemia state. The blood was collected and the related indexes of hemorheology and the components of erythrocyte membrane were determined.  Results:Compared with the model group, the plasma contents of triglyceride (TG), totel cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose (GLU) were significantly decreased in three prescription groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Three prescriptions could decrease the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity (P<0.05,P<0.01), and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) could be extended and the content of fibrinogen (FIB) could be decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Danshen Drink and Buyang Huanwu Decoction could also significantly prolong the prothrombin time (PT) (P<0.05). The contents of sulfydryl and SOD were significantly increased after the treatment of three prescriptions (P<0.05, P<0.01). In addition, Danshen Drink increased Na+-K+-ATPase activity and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.05, P<0.01). Buyang Huanwu Decoction obviously increased Na+-K+-ATPase activity and the content of sialic acid (P<0.05, P<0.01). Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction significantly increased the content of sialic acid (P<0.01).  Conclusion:All three prescriptions show the effects of activating blood and removing blood stasis and hypolipidemic activity. Their common points may be improving the free radical elimination and antioxidant capacity. In addition, three prescriptions also improve the blood stasis state by improving the deformability and aggregation of erythrocytes, so as to activate blood, remove blood stasis and reduce blood lipid.