Objective:To discuss the distribution and clinical characteristics of Chinese medical syndromes in upper urinary tract calculi. Methods1064 patients with upper urinary tract calculi were enrolled from Shanghai central urban area. The patterns of Chinese medical syndromes and the clinical characteristics were differentiated. The size of calculus and the hydronephrosis were determined by B-ultrasound. Meanwhile the urinary tract infection and the renal function damage were detected.  Results:①In 1 064 cases,the proportion of syndrome of accumulated dampness-heat was the highest(41.17%),followed by syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis(24.72%),syndrome of yin deficiency of liver and kidney(11.75%),syndrome of deficiency of kidney yang(11.37%) and other patterns(10.99%)in turn. ②For clinical characteristics,the scores of back pain,hematuria and spasm in lower abdomen were the highest in the syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis(P<0.05). The score of urinary irritation was the highest in the syndrome of accumulated dampness-heat(P<0.05).The diameter of calculus was the biggest in the syndrome of deficiency of kidney yang(P<0.05). ③For concurrent symptoms,the proportion of syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis combined with hydronephrosis was 41.06%,the proportion of syndrome of accumulated dampness-heat combined with urinary infection was 42.69%,the proportion of syndrome of deficiency of kidney yang combined with renal function damage was 5.79%,which accounted for relative high proportion.  Conclusion:The survey in Shanghai central urban area shows that the syndrome of accumulated dampness-heat and syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis are the main patterns of Chinese medical syndrome in urinary calculus. There are certain differences on the clinical symptoms and calculi between various patterns.