Objective:To observe the effects of Compound Fo’ercao Mixture on the serum levels of inflammatory factors(IL-8,TNF-α) and expressions of Toll like receptors(TLRs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD). Methods 120 patients with AECOPD were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group,60 cases in each group. Both groups were given the conventional therapy of western medicine. In addition,the treatment group was treated with Compound Fo’ercao Mixture,and the control group was treated with the placebo,with a course of 14 days. The changes of TCM syndrome scores,serum levels of IL-8,TNF-α and expressions of TLR2,TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were observed and compared.  Results: ①Finally 107 cases completed the whole trial,among 51 cases in the treatment group and 56 cases in the control group. ②After treatment,the decrease of the scores on cough,expectoration and the total score in the treatment group were more significant than those in the control group(P<0.05). ③After treatment,the decrease of IL-8 level in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group(P<0.05). ④After treatment,the increase of the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in the treatment group were more significant than those in the control group(P<0.05). ⑤There were good negative correlations between the serum levels of IL-8,TNF-α and expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after treatment. ⑥All patients had no abnormality in routine inspection and severe adverse reactions.  Conclusion: Compound Fo’ercao Mixture combined with conventional therapy of western medicine can significantly improve the main symptoms such as cough and expectoration in AECOPD patients,which may be associated with alleviating the airway inflammation and enhancing the innate immune response.