Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of “treating the same disease with analogous methods” in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS). Methods88 patients with MDS were divided into the treatment group(48 cases)and the control group(40 cases). Both groups were treated with basic treatment of western medicine,the treatment group was received the therapy of “treating the same disease with analogous methods” and the control group was received the therapy of “treatment based on syndrome differentiation”additionally,with a course of 6 months. The clinical efficacy and the related indexes of blood test were observed and compared.  Results:The effective rate of hemoglobin was 75.00% in the treatment group and 77.50% in the control group,the effective rate of platelet was 66.70% in the treatment group and 65.00% in the control group,the effective rate of neutrophil was 70.83% in the treatment group and 72.50% in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference on the clinical efficacy between the treatment group and the control group (P>0.05).  Conclusion:Compared with the therapy of “treatment based on syndrome differentiation”,the therapy of “treating the same disease with analogous methods” show the equivalent efficacy in the treatment of MDS. It is mastered and generalized more easily.