Objective:To explore the change characteristics of serum kidney biomarker cystatin C(CysC) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalcin(NGAL) in adriamycin(ADR) and gentamicin(GM) -induced kidney injury in rats and the significance of the combined detection. MethodsWistar rats were randomly divided into the drug and the control group,and the kidney injury models of glomerular and renal tubular type were established respectively.The contents of serum blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine(Scr) were detected by means of biochemical analyzer.The concentrations of serum CysC and NGAL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The morphological changes of renal pathology were observed by light microscopy.The curve areas of various serum biomarkers and the combinations were compared by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve) and logistic regression analysis based on renal pathology as positive diagnosis criteria.  Results:①The significant changes of CysC and NGAL in both types of injury were earlier than the changes of morphology and BUN and Scr. ②ROC analysis showed that the area under curve(AUC)of CysC and NGAL were 0.866,0.691 in ADR model and 0.632,0.698 in GM model respectively,which higher than that of BUN or Scr.BUN+Scr combined with CysC or NGAL showed higher efficiency for glomerular and renal tubular injury,respectively.The combination of CysC and NGAL had certain value for two types of renal injury,which AUC,sensitivity and specificity were all more than 0.7.  Conclusion:The significant changes of CysC and NGAL were earlier than morphological changes and traditional serum markers, which can predict the occurrence and development of renal injury in a certain degree. BUN+Scr combined with CysC or NGAL had higher efficiency for glomerular and renal tubular injury,respectively.Combination CysC+NGAL can be used to evaluate different types of drug-induced renal injury.