Objective:By observing the endogenous NGF-TrkA and characteristics of the downstream pathway of molecular genetic transcription, to explore the protection of acupuncture treatment on high intraocular pressure rabbits’ retinal ganglion cells. Methods Thirty healthy adult rabbits of New Zealand were randomly divided into normal group (n=8) and model group (n=22). High intraocular pressure model in rabbits was established using carbomer. Three rats in the model group were died due to surgery and anesthesia, and 3 rabbits were not successful. The remaining 16 rabbits were randomly divided into model control group (n=8) and acupuncture group (n=8). After two weeks, rabbits in acupuncture group received filiform needle treatment of “He gu (LI4), Jing ming (BL1), Qiu hou (Ex-HN07)” point, three times a week for 4 weeks, with a total of 12 times; Normal group and model group were untreated. After treatment, the eyeballs were enucleationed. The morphological changes of retina were observed by HE staining; NGF, TrkA and p75mRNA expression in retina was detected by RT-PCR; AKT protein expression in retina was detected by Weston-blot.  Results: In the process of treatment, the average intraocular pressure was 20.86-22.23 mmHg in acupuncture group and 23.82-25.49 mmHg in model group; After building the model group, compared with normal group, there was significant difference in intraocular pressure at each time point of treatment group and model group. In model group, the whole retinal structure had obvious changes, the kernel layer and the outer nuclear layer were arranged between chaos, two layers of the boundary was not clear, and the kernel layer bipolar cells and outer nuclear layer number of rods and cones, the ganglion cell layer showed the nucleus spacing increases, the number was decreased. Compared with model group, the number of bipolar cell was stable, kernel layer and outer nuclear layer boundary was clear, nucleus ganglion cell layer spacing was decreased, and the number was increased in acupuncture group. The mRNA expression of NGF and TrkA in retina tissue was enhanced and p75mRNA expression was reduced; downstream signaling molecules AKT express was enhanced in acupuncture group compared with normal group and with model group.  Conclusion:1.Acupuncture can stable intraocular pressure, relieve retinal pathological damage, stable number of ganglion cells and protect RGC in rabbit model with chronic high intraocular pressure. 2.Acupuncture can promote NGF- TrkA, reduce p75 mRNA expression in chronic high intraocular pressure model of rabbit, enhance the level of downstream signaling molecules phosphorylation.