This article summarized the research progress of pharmacological actions and clinical applications of Rhizoma Bletillae in recent years. It is argued that the pharmacological actions of Rhizoma Bletillae includes anti-bacteria, promoting blood circulation and arresting bleeding, promoting wound healing and the restoration of gastrointestinal mucosa damage, promoting hemopoietic ability of marrow, antitumor, caries prevention and repairing of the alveolar bone defect, etc. The clinical applications of Rhizoma Bletillae includes the treatment of tuberculous, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, ulcer, trauma, dermatosis, blood disease, tumor, pharyngitis, oral ulcer and dental caries, etc.