Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of “Yuzhang Powder” moxibustion on umbilicus for the treatment of chronic aplastic anemia of kidney-yang deficiency pattern  Methods: Seventy cases with chronic aplastic anemia of kidney-yang deficiency pattern were randomized into treatment group and control group, with 35 cases in each group. Control group was treated with conventional therapy, and treatment group was treated with “Yuzhang Powder” moxibustion on umbilicus additionally, with the course of 6 months. The clinical efficacy, indicators of Hb, WBC, PLT and levels of IL-17 and IL-17 mRNA were observed  Results: ①At the end of the treatment, 63 cases completed the trial. Thirty-two patients in the treatment group and 31 cases in the control group. ② The overall effective rate was 87.50% in the treatment group and 61.29% in the control group, with a difference between the two groups (P<0.05). ③ In both groups, there were significant differences in the levels of Hb, WBC and PLT between before and after treatment (P＜0.05); after treatment, there were significant differences in the levels of Hb and WBC between the two groups, and the treatment group was superior to the control group (P＜0.05). ④ In both groups, there were significant differences in the IL-17 level of the serum and relative value of IL-17 mRNA in thymus-dependent lymphocytes of peripheral blood between before and after treatment (P＜0.05); after treatment, there were significant differences in the IL-17 level of the serum and relative value of IL-17 mRNA in peripheral blood between the two groups, and the treatment group was superior to the control group (P＜0.05). ⑤ No adverse reaction was found in both groups  Conclusion: “Yuzhang Powder” moxibustion on umbilicus is effective to patients with chronic aplastic anemia of the kidney-yang deficiency pattern. Its mechanism may be assication with the decrease of IL-17 level and the expression of IL-17 mRNA in the peripheral blood T-lymphocytes.