Objective:To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of Curcumae Rhizoma based on response surface methodology and desirability function. MethodsBased on the experiment of single factor,and taken the extraction contents of furanodiene and β-elemene from Curcumae Rhizoma as evaluation index, the effect of the ratio of liquid to solid, ethanol concentration and ultrasound time on extraction amount of furanodiene and β-elemene were investigated by using response surface methodology. Combined with the desirability function,best ultrasonic assisted extraction process was optimized.  Results:The value of overall desirability as 1.00 was obtained when the ratio of liquid to solid was 7 ml·g-1, the concentration of ethanol was 75% and the ultrasonic time was 19 min. Under the optimizated extraction conditions, the actual extraction contents of furanodiene and β-elemene were 137.1 μg·g-1 and 122.4 μg·g-1, and the relative deviations between the measured and predicted value were 0.65% and 0.73%,respectively. Besides,compared to the extraction method of steam distillation recorded in the monogragh of Curcumae Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the optimized condition demonstrated higher extraction efficiency. It displayed that the surface structures of the sonicated herbal materials were fluffy and irregular by the field emission scanning electron microscope.  Conclusion:The ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique of Curcumae Rhizoma optimized by response surface methodology and desirability function was stable and feasible.