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1.南京中医药大学附属无锡医院麻醉科(江苏 无锡 214071)
2.南京中医药大学附属无锡医院肾病科(江苏 无锡 214071)
3.江苏省中医退行性骨关节病临床医学创新中心(江苏 无锡 214000)
4.南京中医药大学附属无锡医院关节骨科(江苏 无锡 214071)
李荣华,男,主治医师,主要从事中西医结合围手术期器官功能保护研究工作
尹卫娟,主任医师;E-mail:ywjmzk@126.com
收稿日期:2025-02-16,
纸质出版日期:2025-07-10
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李荣华,蒋蕴智,徐永成,等.电针对老年围手术期认知功能障碍的临床疗效及作用机制研究[J].上海中医药杂志,2025,59(7):22-30.
LI Ronghua,JIANG Yunzhi,XU Yongcheng,et al.Clinical efficacy and mechanism of electroacupuncture for perioperative cognitive disorder in elderly patients[J].Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,59(7):22-30.
李荣华,蒋蕴智,徐永成,等.电针对老年围手术期认知功能障碍的临床疗效及作用机制研究[J].上海中医药杂志,2025,59(7):22-30. DOI: 10.16305/j.1007-1334.2025.z20250216005.
LI Ronghua,JIANG Yunzhi,XU Yongcheng,et al.Clinical efficacy and mechanism of electroacupuncture for perioperative cognitive disorder in elderly patients[J].Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,59(7):22-30. DOI: 10.16305/j.1007-1334.2025.z20250216005.
目的
2
观察电针对老年围手术期认知功能障碍(PCD)的临床疗效,并以“脑-肠轴”为基础,探究其作用机制。
方法
2
将102例拟行髋部骨折手术的老年患者随机分为治疗组、对照组,每组51例。治疗组于围手术期施以电针治疗,对照组施以假电针治疗。分别于手术前及术后第1、3、7天对所有患者行简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、疼痛数字等级评定量表(NRS)评分,并检测血清神经肽Y(NPY)、胃促生长素(Ghrelin)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平,比较变化情况;收集患者手术前及术后第7天的粪便样本,采用16S rDNA基因测序技术分析肠道菌群,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测粪便样本中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)水平;采用Spearman相关性分析评估差异菌群与其他指标之间的线性关系,探索电针疗法对老年PCD的作用机制。
结果
2
①最终完成试验者96例,其中治疗组49例、对照组47例。②术后第1、3天与手术前组内比较,两组MMSE、MoCA评分降低(
P
<
0.05)。术后第1、3天组间比较,治疗组MMSE、MoCA评分高于对照组(
P
<
0.05),PCD发生率低于对照组(
P
<
0.05)。③术后各观察时点与手术前组内比较,两组患者血清脑肠肽、炎症因子水平升高(
P
<
0.05)。整体来看,治疗组术后血清NPY、Ghrelin、VIP水平及肠道SIgA分泌水平高于对照组(
P
<
0.05),血清IL-8、IFN-γ水平低于对照组(
P
<
0.05)。④术后各观察时点与手术前组内比较,两组NRS评分降低(
P
<
0.05);随着时间的延长,两组镇痛泵按压次数、补救镇痛事件均逐步减少(
P
<
0.05)。整体来看,治疗组术后NRS评分低于对照组(
P
<
0.05),且镇痛泵按压次数及补救镇痛事件也少于对照组(
P
<
0.05)。⑤术后,治疗组肠道菌群有益菌丰度较对照组明显增加(
P
<
0.05),两组肠道菌群α、β多样性亦存在显著差异(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
电针疗法可显著改善老年手术患者肠道菌群结构,抑制血清炎症因子水平,减轻疼痛反应,降低PCD的发生率,上述作用可能是通过对“脑-肠轴”的双向调控实现的。
Objective
2
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) for perioperative cognitive disorder (PCD) in elderly patients and to explore its underlying mechanism based on the brain-gut axis.
Methods
2
A total of 102 elderly patients scheduled for hip fracture surgery were randomly divided into a treatment group (
n
=51) receiving perioperative EA treatment or a control group (
n
=51) receiving sham EA treatment. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and pain intensity by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), at preoperative baseline and on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. Serum levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), ghrelin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured to compare their changes. Fecal samples were collected from patients before surgery and on postoperative day 7. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in fecal samples were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate linear relationships between differential microbiota and other indicators, aiming to explore the mechanism of EA on PCD in elderly patients.
Results
2
① A total of 96 participants completed the trial, with 49 in the treatment group and 47 in the control group. ② On postoperative days 1 and 3, both the treatment and control groups showed a significant decrease in MMSE and MoCA scores compared to baseline (
P
<
0.05). However, the treatment group exhibited higher MMSE and MoCA scores than the control group on postoperative days 1 and 3 (
P
<
0.05). The incidence of PCD was lower in the treatment group than in the control
group (
P
<
0.05). ③ At each postoperative observation point, both groups showed a significant increase in serum brain-gut peptides and inflammatory cytokine levels compared to preoperative levels (
P
<
0.05). Overall, the treatment group exhibited higher postoperative serum levels of NPY, ghrelin, VIP, and fecal SIgA secretion than the control group (
P
<
0.05). However, serum levels of IL-8 and IFN-γ were lower in the treatment group than in the control group (
P
<
0.05). ④At each postoperative observation point, both groups showed a significant reduction in NRS scores compared to preoperative scores (
P
<
0.05). Over time, the number of PCA pump presses and rescue analgesia events decreased progressively in both groups (
P
<
0.05). Overall, the treatment group had lower postoperative NRS scores, fewer PCA pump presses, and fewer rescue analgesia events than the control group (
P
<
0.05). ⑤ Postoperatively, the treatment group exhibited a significantly higher abundance of beneficial gut bacteria than the control group (
P
<
0.05). Additionally, significant differences in both α- and β-diversity of the gut microbiota were observed between the two groups (
P
<
0.05).
Conclusions
2
EA treatment can significantly improve the gut microbiota composition, inhibit serum inflammatory cytokine levels, alleviate pain, and reduce the incidence of PCD in elderly surgical patients. These effects may be mediated through bidirectional regulation of the brain-gut axis.
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