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上海中医药大学中药研究所,中药标准化教育部重点实验室(上海 201203)
Received:14 April 2025,
Published:10 October 2025
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蒋惠,王长虹.黄芪皂苷类成分的生物合成、体内外转化、药理作用及质量控制研究进展[J].上海中医药杂志,2025,59(10):80-93.
JIANG Hui,WANG Changhong.Research progress on biosynthesis, in vivo and in vitro transformation, pharmacological effects, and quality control of astragalus saponins components[J].Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,59(10):80-93.
蒋惠,王长虹.黄芪皂苷类成分的生物合成、体内外转化、药理作用及质量控制研究进展[J].上海中医药杂志,2025,59(10):80-93. DOI: 10.16305/j.1007-1334.2025.z20250414005.
JIANG Hui,WANG Changhong.Research progress on biosynthesis, in vivo and in vitro transformation, pharmacological effects, and quality control of astragalus saponins components[J].Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2025,59(10):80-93. DOI: 10.16305/j.1007-1334.2025.z20250414005.
对黄芪皂苷类成分的化学结构、生物合成、体内外转化、药理作用以及质量分析方法等方面的研究进展进行汇总分析。从黄芪中发现160余种黄芪皂苷类成分,主要是以环黄芪醇为皂苷元的四环三萜环阿屯醇型皂苷。黄芪皂苷在体内外主要经脱乙酰基、脱糖基和脱氢反应形成以环黄芪醇为主的一系列降解产物和代谢产物。黄芪皂苷类成分具有抗炎、调节免疫功能、抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡、调节代谢、抗纤维化和抗肿瘤等作用。现行的黄芪质量标准主要以黄芪甲苷为指标成分进行质量控制,忽略了其他黄芪皂苷类成分的重要性。结合黄芪皂苷类成分在药材中的含量、体内外转化规律和药效贡献度,制定更加科学的黄芪皂苷类成分质量控制标准具有重要意义。
The research progress on the chemical structure, biosynthesis,
in vivo
and
in vitro
transformation, pharmacological effects, and quality control methods of astragalus saponins components are summarized and analyzed in this paper. More than 160 types of astragalus saponins components have been discovered from Huangqi (Astragali Radix), primarily consisting of four-ring triterpenoid saponins with cycloastragenol as the aglycone. Astragalus saponins components undergo deacetylation, deglycosylation, and dehydrogenation reactions
in vivo
and
in vitro
, resulting in a series of degradation and metabolic products, primarily cycloastragenol. The astragalus saponins components exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, immune modulation, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, metabolic regulation, antifibrosis, and anti-tumor effects. The current quality control standard for Huangqi (Astragali Radix) primarily uses astragaloside Ⅳ as an index component, potentially overlooking the importance of other astragalus saponins components. It is significant to develop a more scientifically rigorous quality control standard for astragalus saponins components, based on their content in Huangqi (Astragali Radix),
in vivo
and
in vitro
transformation, and pharmacological contribution.
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