According to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory， the pathogenic characteristics of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia （CIT） are summarized under the guidance of holistic concept and syndrome differentiation-based treatment， taking the deficiency of liver， spleen and kidney as the root， fire-exuberance and heat-toxin as the manifestation， and internal stagnation of blood stasis as the critical change. The therapeutic countermeasures are provided correspondingly. The method of invigorating spleen and nourishing liver is adopted to produce blood， the method of purging fire and removing toxicity is used to treat the symptoms and the method of activating blood and dispelling stasis is for the treatment of manifestation. Treating methods should be adjusted as the condition changes to achieve therapeutic effects. A proved case is attached for verification.