Pulmonary nodules （PN） are a common reason for patients to visit the respiratory outpatient department. The key cause of pulmonary nodules lies in the internal deficiency of vital qi and qi depression due to the abnormality of seven emotions， as well as the external invasion of smoke poisoning， smog and the six pathogenic factors. The internal organs are thereby affected and the lung collaterals are damaged， resulting in such pathological changes as pathogenic qi lingering due to vital qi deficiency， qi depression， phlegm obstruction and blood stasis， which may even transform into heat and/or toxicity. The treatment should be guided by the idea of combining disease identification and syndrome differentiation， with supporting the vital qi and dispelling the pathogenic qi as the treatment principle， tonifying qi and strengthening the spleen， regulating qi and unblocking collaterals， resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis， clearing heat and detoxifying as the treatment methods. Early intervention should be encouraged according to the disease-syndrome progressive pattern of lung nodules to avoid the progress or cancerization.