Objective:To compare the effects of triptolide-loaded glycerol-mediated ethosomes(TP-ES)and gel plaster on the rat adjuvant arthritis model. MethodsTP-ES was prepared by injection method,and its particle size distribution and encapsulation efficiency were measured.The cross-linked sodium polyacrylate was used as the carrier for preparing the TP-loaded gel plaster. Rat adjuvant arthritis model was established,and gel plaster was used as a control to evaluate the therapeutic effect of TP-ES on adjuvant arthritis.  Results:The average particle size of the prepared TP-ES was 153.10±2.69 nm,the zeta potential was -45.73±0.60 mV,and the encapsulation efficiency was 75.97±0.94%. Under the transmission electron microscope,the phospholipid vesicles are nearly round with smooth surfaces and even distribution. After topical administration,compared with the positive group(tripterygium glycoside with intragastric administration),the TP-ES group had less effect on the body weight of the rats,indicating that the toxic and side effects were reduced. The rats arthritis index and toe volume, as well as the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the blood of TP-ES group, were significantly lower than those of the model group. Compared with the gel plaster group, the TP-ES group showed stronger inhibition of the expression of TNF-α and IL-6(P<0.05).  Conclusion:By using glycerol-mediated ethosomes as the transdermal drug delivery carrier can effectively improve the transdermal delivery of drugs, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect.