This paper introduces the clinical experience of Professor Wang Qingqi in using the theory of Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine) to distinguish and treat depression syndrome. Depression syndrome has broad and narrow sense. According to yin and yang syndrome differentiation, depressive disorder belongs to yin syndrome while anxiety disorder belongs to yang syndrome. Because of the close relationship between depression syndrome and spleen, the concept of “emotion-related spleen-stomach disease” is put forward, which is divided into three categories: depression-related spleen-stomach disease, anxiety-related spleen-stomach disease and cognitive bias-related spleen-stomach disease. It is emphasized that the treatment of depression syndrome follows the principle of “wood depression treated by relief therapy ”, “fire depression treated by dissipating therapy” and nourishing the heart and tonifying the kidney. And in combination with psychotherapy, the treatment has achieved good results with self-made prescription such as Xuanyang Huatan Kaiyu decoction, Zhizi Xiaolyu decoction, Yangxin Yishen Dingzhi decoction.