Objective:To establish the near infrared rapid nondestructive qualitative clustering model for rapid and nondestructive identification of Chidi ginseng, wild ginseng, transplantation of wild ginseng and Pahuo ginseng at the molecular level. MethodsNondestructive collection of samples was performed using a Fourier-transform near infrared spectrometer, with wavenumbers in the range of 10 000 cm-1～4 100 cm-1, and then the rapid and nondestructive qualitative clustering model of four samples was established with a chemometrics software.  Results:The identification rate of the established qualitative clustering model for the four types of samples was 98%, 98%, 97% and 97% respectively, and the overall identification rate of the verification spectra of the four types of samples was up to 98%. The scores of Chidi ginseng sample, wild ginseng sample, transplantation-of-wild-ginseng sample and Pahuo ginseng sample on the first principal component (PC1) were 0.089 724～0.125 83,0.098 37～0.127 75,0.045 894～0.186 13 and 0.084 432～0.131 41, respectively. On the secondly principal component (PC2), the scores were -0.290 4～0.168 99, -0.310 65～0.211 6, -0.165 8～0.117 87 and -0.200 84～0.160 3, respectively and the scores on the thirdly principal component (PC3) were -0.190 41～0.322 63, -0.255～0.201 1, -0.359 39～0.227 26 and -0.211 3～0.286 93, respectively.  Conclusion:The established near-infrared rapid and nondestructive qualitative clustering model is capable for qualitative detection of the 4 different kinds of ginseng and has certain application value.