Objective:To explore the effects of water and alcohol extracts of Erzhi Pills on splenic cells and ovarian granulose cells in mice. MethodsThe splenic mononuclear cells and ovarian granulosa cells were cultured in vitro. ①Water extract of Erzhi Pills at a concentration of 0.96 g/L was added to the splenic cells in the water extract group, alcohol extract of Erzhi Pills at a concentration of 1.920 g/L in the alcohol extract group, lentinan at a concentration of 0.1 g/L in the positive control group and culture medium in the blank control group. ②Water extract of Erzhi Pills at a concentration of 0.96 g/L was added to the ovarian granulose cells in the water extract group, alcohol extract of Erzhi Pills at a concentration of 0.72 g/L in the alcohol extract group, lentinan at a concentration of 0.2 g/L in the positive control group and culture medium in the blank control group. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT; ELISA was used to determine the concentrations of IL-1 and E,2, in the culture supernatant; fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to detect mRNA expression of IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) and estradiol receptor (ERα); the levels of IL-1R and ERα were detected by flow cytometry.  Results:①Compared with the blank control group, water and alcohol extracts of Erzhi Pills promoted proliferation of the splenic cells and ovarian granulose cells significantly (P,<,0.01), and alcohol extract showed a stronger effect than water extract in promoting proliferation of the splenic cells (P,<,0.05). ②Water and alcohol extracts of Erzhi Pills promoted the ovarian granulose cells to produce more E,2, (P,<,0.05) and the splenic cells to produce more IL-1 (P,<,0.01). ③Compared with the blank control group, the expression level of ERα in the splenic cells increased significantly in the water and alcohol extract groups (P,<,0.01), which was consistent with the results in the lentinan group (P,>,0.05), and the expression level of ERα in the alcohol extract was higher than that in the water extract group (P,<,0.05). ④The expression of IL-1R on the surface of ovarian granulose cells increased significantly both in the water and alcohol extract groups (P,<,0.05), consistent with the results in the lentinan group (P,>,0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between them (P,>,0.05).  Conclusion:The water and alcohol extracts of Erzhi Pills have a good bi-directional promoting effect on the reproductive, endocrine and immune systems of mice through direct regulation of ovarian granulose cells and splenic cells, and the effect of alcohol extract was better than that of water extract.