Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of Yangyin Xiaozheng Recipe on diabetic intracerebral microlesions in rats. MethodsExcept for 6 rats in the normal control group, 24 Wistar rats were used to establish the rat model of diabetic intracerebral microlesions, and were divided into three groups after successful modelling: high glucose injury group, aspirin control group and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group. The corresponding drugs were given by enema for 3 months in each group. The changes of intracerebral microlesions in rats were detected by biochemistry and flow cytometry (PI), and the changes of HIF-1α were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.  Results:①The results of HbA1c absorbance and apoptotic rate detected by flow cytometry showed that compared with the high glucose injury group, the HbA1c absorbance and apoptotic rate were reduced in the aspirin group and the TCM group, and there were significant differences among the groups (P<0.05). Compared with the aspirin group, the expression of HbA1c absorbance decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the apoptotic rate in early and late stages decreased significantly (P< 0.05) in the TCM group. ②Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression were lowered in the aspirin group and the TCM group compared with the high glucose injury group (P<0.05), and there were significantdifferences among the groups (P<0.05). Compared with the aspirin group, HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression were reduced significantly in the TCM group (P<0.05). ③Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of cells with positive HIF-1α expression decreased in the aspirin group and the TCM group compared with the high glucose injury group (P<0.05); there was significant difference in the number of cells with positive HIF-1α expression between the aspirin group and the TCM group (P<0.01).  Conclusion:Yangyin Xiaozheng Recipe has a certain effect in the treatment of diabetic intracerebral microlesions and reduces the HbA1c absorbance, the apoptotic rate of brain neurons and the expression of HIF-1α.