Objective:To explore the methods for preventing and treating hemorrhoids with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on epidemiological investigation in rural communities in Fengxian District, Shanghai. Methods6,0 residents aged 18-80 years in five rural communities in Fengxian District were randomly selected for epidemiological investigation, including general conditions, personal habits, medical history, hemorrhoids-related examination and TCM syndrome types of hemorrhoids. The epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhoids in rural communities and its correlation with various influencing factors were analyzed.  Results:①A total of 5,7 effective questionnaires were collected, with a recovery rate of 98.28%. ②In the surveyed population, the total prevalence rate of hemorrhoids was 40.27%, and it was higher in females (46.22%) than in males (32.30%). The three hemorrhoids were mixed hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids and internal hemorrhoids in prevalence rate from high to low. Hemorrhoids were distributed in all age groups, with the highest prevalence in the 35-59 age group. ③The syndrome of spleen deficiency and qi depression (36.97%) and the syndrome of dampness-heat pouring downward (43.66%) accounted for the majority (80.63%) of the clinical syndromes in hemorrhoids. ④Drinking, spicy food, poor bowl habit as well as sitting, standing and walking for a prolonged time had a certain relationship with hemorrhoids. ⑤Multi-factor regression analysis showed that drinking, spicy diet, and poor bowel habits were the independent risk factors in occurrence of hemorrhoids, while increased intake of fruits and vegetables was an independent protective factor; poor bowel habits and standing and walking for a prolonged time were risk factors for the syndrome of spleen deficiency and qi depression, poor bowel habits and spicy diet were related to the syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis, spicy diet was a relevant risk factor for the syndrome of dampness-heat pouring downward, while increased intake of fruits and vegetables was the relevant protective factor against the syndrome of wind damaging intestinal collaterals.  Conclusion:The prevalence of hemorrhoids in rural communities in Shanghai has exceeded 40% (40.27%). Females, the middle-aged and people with bad habits are the high-risk groups of this disease. In prevention and treatment of this disease, the young people should be the focus of “prevention before disease onset”. In addition, it is advisable to pay attention to women’s health and personal daily diet, provide TCM health education, integrate the knowledge about hemorrhoids prevention into daily life, develop good living habits, and give full play to the role of medical “triple” in district hospitals of Chinese medicine or an effective coping strategy.