This paper introduces and comments on the main contents and viewpoints of Modern Chinese Medical History of Qi and Bacteria from three aspects:the breakthrough by the clue from febrile disease, the collision of traditional Chinese and Western medicine on febrile disease, and the thinking caused by febrile disease. The book uses the concept of ‘double-layer of medical history’ to explore the knowledge transformation of exogenous febrile disease of traditional Chinese medicine. It examines the transformation in modern times from the aspects of traditional literature, doctor’s viewpoint, changes of Chinese and Western views on diseases and daily life.