Objective:To explore the renal protective effects of panaxadiol saponin (PDS) in mice with endotoxemia, and reveal the relationship between protective effects and expressions of inflammation factors, urea transporter A2 (UT-A2) and urea transporter A3 (UT-A3). MethodsThe model of endotoxemia was established in C57BL/6 mice, and the mice were divided into the control group, LPS group, PDS+LPS group and Dexa+LPS group. The heart rate and average arterial pressure were recorded under anesthesia. The body weight and kidney weight were recorded to calculate the coefficient. The kidney tissue was fixed and cryopreserved for HE staining and immunohistochemistry.  Results:Compared with the control group, the heart rate and the average arterial pressure were decreased in the LPS group (P<0.05), the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased (P<0.01), the protein expression levels of UT-A2 and UT-A3 in the kidney tissue were decreased significantly, and the renal pathological inflammation and the renal interstitial cell edema were observed. Compared with the model group, the heart rate and the average arterial pressure were restored in both PDS+LPS group and Dexa+LPS group (P<0.05), the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the protein expressions of UT-A2 and UT-A3 in the kidney tissue were increased, the renal pathological inflammation and the interstitial cell edema were alleviated.  Conclusion:Panaxadiol saponin can decrease the proinflammatory factor TNF-α and IL-6 levels, increase the protein expressions of UT-A2 and UT-A3 in kidney tissue, improve the renal pathological inflammation and alleviate the renal interstitial cells swelling state in endotoxemia mice, and thus effectively prevent and protect from the renal injury induced by endotoxemia, which is similar to dexamethasone.