This paper discusses the significance of opposite and complementary compatibility thinking from the aspects of concepts and classification, purpose and application, and complex situation of combined application of cold- and warm-natured Chinese medicine. Combined application of cold- and warm-natured Chinese medicine is one of the most commonly used methods of prescriptions compatibility under the guidance of opposite and complementary compatibility thinking. Through the opposite and complementary relationship between the cold and the warm, the prescriptions as the organic whole could correspond to the cold and hot characters of the diseases. There are three implications for the combined application of cold- and warm-natured Chinese medicine. First, it aims to restrict the cold or hot partiality of certain medicine to achieve the purpose of successfully exerting the certain specific effect. Second, through the mutual restriction of cold- and warm-natured medicine, the compatible prescriptions and couplet medicines would not be too cold or too hot, so as to better adapt to the conditions and prevent from adverse reactions caused by excessive cold and heat. The third is to produce new efficacy that is not possessed by single cold-natured medicine or hot-natured medicine.