Objective:To observe the effects of Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction on the expressions of Nephrin mRNA and Podocin mRNA in the renal tissue of rats with membranous nephropathy. MethodsSD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group and modeling group. The passive Heymann nephritis model was established by one-time tail intravenous injection of anti Fx1A serum. After successful molding, the modeling group was randomly divided into the model group, lotensin group, Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction groups with low-, middle- and high-dose. Each group was treated with the corresponding dosage by intragastric administration for 4 weeks, and the 24 h urine volume of rats was collected every week to detect the 24 h urinary protein quantification (UTP). The rats were sacrificed at the end of four weeks, the blood were collected from the heart to detect the serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum total protein (TP), serum albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and triglyceride (TG), the kidney tissue was collected to observe the pathological changes after Masson and PASM staining. The IgG and C3 changes were observed by immunofluorescence, and the expressions of Nephrin mRNA and Podocin mRNA were determined by real-time fluorescence PCR.  Results:Compared with the normal control group, the UTP level was increased (P<0.05) and the mRNA expressions of Nephrin and Podocin were decreased (P<0.01) in the other five groups. Compared with the model group, the UTP level was reduced (P<0.05) and the mRNA expressions of Nephrin and Podocin were increased (P<0.01) in the drug-treatment groups. The levels of TP and ALB were increased in the drug-treatment groups but with no statistically significant differences (P>0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences on the levels of Scr, BUN, TC, HDL-c and TG between the model group and drug-treatment groups (P>0.05). Compared with the lotensin group, the UTP level was reduced in the Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction groups with low-, middle- and high-dose, but with no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences on the biochemical indexes between lotensin group and Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction groups (P>0.05). Compared with the lotensin group, the expressions of Nephrin mRNA and Podocin mRNA in the renal tissue were increased in the Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction groups with low-, middle- and high-dose, but with no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences on all the indexes among the Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction groups with different doses (P>0.05).  Conclusion:Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction can significantly reduce the urinary protein level in rats with membranous nephropathy, decrease the renal pathological damage, up-regulate the expressions of Nephrin mRNA and Podocin mRNA in renal tissue and delay the progress of membranous nephropathy.