Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Jianpi Jiedu Decoction in preventing and treating chemotherapy-related peripheral neuropathy in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer. Methods64 postoperative patients of colorectal cancer were randomly divided into the control group and treatment group, 32 cases in each group. The control group was treated with XELOX chemotherapy regimen, and the treatment group was treated with Jianpi Jiedu Decoction based on the treatment for the control group, with a course of 8 cycles of chemotherapy. The cycle of chemotherapy completion, the cycle of first-time occurrence of chronic and cumulative chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) symptoms, completion rate of planned therapeutic dose of oxaliplatin and frequency of 3-4 degree myelosuppression were observed. The changes of NCI-CTCAE grades, FACT/GOG-Ntx score, PNQ grades and serum IL-1β level were compared.  Results:①Finally 60 patients completed the trial, among 31 cases in the treatment group and 29 cases in the control group. ②There was no statistically significant difference on chemotherapy completion cycle between the two groups (P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference on completion rate of planned therapeutic dose of oxaliplatin between the two groups, and the completion rate of planned therapeutic dose of oxaliplatin in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference on the cycle of first-time occurrence of cumulative CIPN symptoms between the two groups, and the first-time occurrence of cumulative CIPN symptoms of the treatment group was obviously later than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference on frequency of degree 3-4 myelosuppression between the two groups (P>0.05). ③Compared between during chemotherapy and after chemotherapy, there were statistically significant differences on NCI-CTCAE grades and FACT/GOG-Ntx score in both groups (P<0.05). During the chemotherapy, there were statistically significant differences on NCI-CTCAE grades and FACT/GOG-Ntx score between the two groups, and the NCI-CTCAE grades and FACT/GOG-Ntx score in the treatment group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After chemotherapy, there were statistically significant differences on NCI-CTCAE grades and FACT/GOG-Ntx score between the two groups, and the NCI-CTCAE grades and FACT/GOG-Ntx score in the treatment group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). ④Compared between during chemotherapy and after chemotherapy, there were statistically significant differences on PNQ1 grades in both groups (P<0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences on PNQ2 grades in both groups (P>0.05). During the chemotherapy, there were statistically significant differences on PNQ1 grades and PNQ2 grades between the two groups, and the grades in the treatment group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After chemotherapy, there were statistically significant differences on PNQ1 grades and PNQ2 grades between the two groups, and the grades in the treatment group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). ⑤Compared with chemotherapy before, at the half course of chemotherapy and after chemotherapy, there was statistically significant difference on IL-1β level in both groups (P<0.05), the IL-1β level was obviously decreased in the treatment group, while the IL-1β level was obviously increased in the control group (P<0.05). At the half course of chemotherapy, there was statistically significant difference on IL-1β level between the two groups, and the IL-1β level in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). After chemotherapy, there was statistically significant difference on IL-1β level between the two groups, and the IL-1β level in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).  Conclusion:Jianpi Jiedu Decoction can obviously alleviate the chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy after the operation of colorectal cancer, enhance the compliance and tolerance of patients to chemotherapy, maximize the benefits of chemotherapy, and thus improve the quality of life of patients.