Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effects of Juanyin Xiefei Formula on airway mucus hypersecretion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its mechanism. MethodsThe human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE were cultured. The cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide for 6 hours and/or 0.005% Juanyin Xiefei Formula, and the cells were transfected with suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1)-siRNA. The transfection effect was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. According to the different treatment measures, the cells were divided into the blank control group, experiment 1 group (only lipopolysaccharide stimulation), experiment 2 group (lipopolysaccharide stimulation plus SOCS1-siRNA transfection), experiment 3 group (lipopolysaccharide stimulation plus Juanyin Xiefei Formula), experiment 4 group (lipopolysaccharide stimulation plus SOCS1-siRNA transfection plus Juanyin Xiefei Formula). The expressions of SOCS1, MUC5AC, phosphorylated JAK1 and STAT1 in the cell lysate of each group were detected by Western blot, and the total proteins of JAK1 and STAT1 was detected, with the protein expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) as the internal parameter.  Results:The effect of SOCS1-siRNA transfection was obvious detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Compared with the blank control group, the expression of SOCS1 in the experiment 1 group was inhibited, the expression of MUC5AC and the phosphorylation levels of JAK1 and STAT1 were increased (P<0.001). The inhibition on SOCS1 expression and the increase of MUC5AC expression, JAK1 and STAT1 phosphorylation in the experiment 2 group were more significant (P<0.001). Compared with the experiment 1 group, the SOCS1 expression was increased, the MUC5AC expression and the phosphorylation levels of JAK1 and STAT1 were decreased in the experiment 3 group (P<0.001). Compared with the experiment 2 group, the SOCS1 expression was increased, and the MUC5AC expression and the phosphorylation levels of JAK1 and STAT1 were decreased in the experiment 4 group (P<0.001). After the treatment of Juanyin Xiefei Formula, the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide and SOCS1-siRNA on SOCS1 expression was improved, the phosphorylation levels of JAK1 and STAT1 and the expression of MUC5AC were decreased.  Conclusion:Juanyin Xiefei Formula can inhibit the high expression of MUC5AC induced by lipopolysaccharide, and then inhibit the airway mucus hypersecretion, which is related to SOCS1 inhibition on JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway, negative feedback regulation and reduction of phosphorylation level.