Objective:To observe the short-term efficacy of Xiaoliu Powder combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)in the treatment of advanced liver cancer. Methods66 patients with advanced liver cancer were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group,33 cases in each group. The patients in both groups were treated with TACE,and those in the treatment group were treated with Xiaoliu Powder 7 days before TACE. One month after operation,the short-term efficacy was evaluated,and the levels of liver function related indexes such as alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),total bilirubin (TBIL) and albumin (ALB),the levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and prothrombin time (PT),the Karnofsky perfomance status (KPS) score and the adverse reactions were observed.  Results:①The effective rates and the disease control rates were 63.6% and 81.8% in the treatment group and 45.5% and 75.8% in the control group,respectively,which indicated that the short-term efficacy in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). ②Compared with treatment before,the levels of ALT,AST and TBIL were significantly decreased in the treatment group one month after operation (P<0.05),while the levels of ALT and AST were increased in the control group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences on the levels of ALT,AST,TBIL and ALB between the two groups one month after operation (P<0.05). ③Compared with treatment before,the level of AFP was decreased (P<0.05) and the level of KPS was increased (P<0.05) in both groups one month after operation. After the treatment,there were statistically significant differences on the levels of AFP,PT and KPS between the two groups (P<0.05). ④The incidence rates of adverse reaction were 78.8% in the treatment group and 97.0% in the control group,respectively. There were statistically significant differences on the incidence rates of nausea and vomiting,myelosuppression and overall adverse reaction between the two groups (P<0.05).  Conclusion:Xiaoliu Powder combined with TACE in the treatment of advanced liver cancer can improve the short-term efficacy,enhance the quaility of life and reduce the adverse reactions.