Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Bushen Zhuanggu Decoction combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of restless legs syndrome in uremic patients with maintenance hemodialysis,and discuss its possible mechanism. Methods64 uremic maintenance hemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group, 32 cases in each group. The patients in both groups maintained the original stable diet habits,the hemodialysis treatment plans were improved and the basic diseases were treated. The control group was treated with calcitriol soft capsules and calcium carbonate tablets,the treatment group was treated with Bushen Zhuanggu Decoction based on the treatment for the control group,with a course of 6 months. The clinical efficacy was observed. The changes on the levels of blood calcium, blood phosphorus, ALP and iPTH and international restless legs syndrome study group (IRLSSG) questionnaire score (IRLSSG score) were compared.  Results:①The clinical total effective rates of the treatment group and control group were 81.3% and 37.5%, respectively. The clinical efficacy of the treatment group was obviously better than that of the control group (P<0.05). ②After treatment, the improvement on the levels of blood calcium, blood phosphorus, ALP and iPTH and IRLSSG score in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05).  Conclusion:Bushen Zhuanggu Decoction combined with conventional therapy shows good efficacy in the treatment of restless legs syndrome in uremic patients with maintenance hemodialysis. Its mechanism may be related to the improvement on disorders of bone metabolism and calcium and phosphorus metabolism.