Objective:To observe the influence of Chinese medicine decoction,that with the effects of activating blood and removing stasis and supplementing essence and marrow,on the protein expressions of Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1(Keap1),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in experimental model rats with cerebral hemorrhage. Methods64 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,model group,positive control group(Naoxuekang Capsule) and Chinese medicine decoction group,16 rats in each group. The rat model of cerebral hemorrhage was established by injection of autologous blood into the caudate nucleus. Each group was treated with the corresponding drugs once a day. 3 days later,the rats were anesthetized,the brain tissue was collected and the water content was detected. The morphological changes of nerve cells in caudate nucleus of rat brain were observed by HE staining. The expressions of Keap1,Nrf2 and HO-1 in brain tissue of rats in each group were detected by immunohistochemistry.  Results:Compared with the sham operation group,the brain water content of rats in the model group was obviously increased(P<0.05)；compared with the model group,the brain water content was obviously decreased in the positive control group and Chinese medicine decoction group,and the decrease in the decoction group was more significant(P<0.05).Compared with the sham operation group,a large amount of red blood cell infiltration in the hematoma area of brain caudate nucleus were observed in rats of the model group,the number of nerve cells decreased and the glial cells increased with obvious interstitial edema,and the nerve cells presented disordered and sparse arrangement with light staining. Compared with the model group,there were a small amount of red blood cell infiltration in the brain caudate nucleus of rats in the positive control group and Chinese medicine decoction group,the nerve cells slightly swelled and loosely arranged with mild interstitial edema. Compared with the sham operation group,the expressions of Keap1,Nrf2 and HO-1 in brain tissue of rats were increased in the model group(P<0.01)；compared with the model group,the expressions of Keap1,Nrf2 and HO-1 in brain tissue of rats were decreased in the positive control group and Chinese medicine decoction group(P<0.01),and the improvement in the decoction group were more significant than those in the positive control group(P<0.05).  Conclusion:Chinese medicine decoction with effects of activating blood and removing stasis and supplementing essence and marrow can improve the oxidative stress state in brain tissue by Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway,and thus protect the brain tissue from secondary injury after cerebral hemorrhage.