The theory of qi and blood is one of the important theoretical bases of syndrome differentiation and treatment.According to the pathogenesis characteristics of chronic musculoskeletal diseases as“vital qi deficiency,exogenous pathogen invasion,meridian block and obstruction”, Professor Shi Qi puts forward the therapy of “reconciling qi and blood ” for prevention and treatment of chronic musculoskeletal diseases. Shengyu Decoction is taken as the basic prescription,and 13 new prescriptions that focus on benefiting qi and removing blood stasis as the core are created,which intend to inherit the academic essence of traumatology as“giving priority to qi and taking blood as the first”. Through the clinical and basic research,the principle of “giving priority to qi”refers to recovering the function of qi in promotion,defense and nutrition by benefiting qi,which could regulate hormone levels,improve bone metabolism,promote osteoblast proliferation,delay cell apoptosis,promote proteoglycan and collagen synthesis,improve cell adhesion function and thus maintain the bone structure and function,inhibit inflammatory mediators and regulate cytokines,improve immune function. The principle of “taking blood as the first”means that eliminating blood stasis to promote the circulation of qi,which could improve the hemodynamics and hemorheology of bone and benefit for nutrients into the skeleton,and regulate serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase level. The therapy of “reconciling qi and blood”guide the clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment and significantly enhance the efficacy.