Objective:To observe the effects of “Shidao Tongjie Decoction”(SDTJ) on cell proliferation and apoptosis of esophagus cancer cell line (TE-1) in vivo, and further investigate the mechanism of action of SDTJ in the treatment of esophagus cancer. MethodsTE-1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the nude mice. The nude mice bearing tumor were then randomly divided into the following 4 groups:model group, SDTJ group, cisplatin group and combination group (SDTJ combined with cisplatin), with 10 mice in each group:The mice in each group were administrated by gastric infusion for 2 weeks. Then the mice were executed, the tumor weight and the inhibition rate were calculated. The change of TE-1 cells morphology and apoptosis were observed by HE staining; Protein expressions of Bcl-2 and caspase3 were detected by immunohistochemical method.  Results:The tumor weight of the three treatment groups was all lower than that of the model group(P<0.01), the tumor inhibition rate was 49.95%, 48.65% and 56.76% respectively; there’s no statistical significance (P=0.346) in tumor weight between SDTJ group and cisplatin group; the tumor weight of the combination group was lower than SDTJ group(P<0.01). In the form changing aspect, the SDTJ group and combination group had the lower cell density, the shape of the cells was roundness or elliptical, the atypical epithelial hyperplasia hepatolithiasis was reduced, the combination group had the most prominent change. Immunohistochemical result showed that the expression of Bcl-2 in SDTJ group, cisplatin group and combination group was obviously lower than that in the model group, with the combination group having the lowest expression (P<0.01), and with no statistical significance (P=0.581) between SDTJ group and cisplatin group. The caspase 3 expression in SDTJ group, cisplatin group and combination group was obviously higher than that in model group, with combination group having the highest expression (P<0.01), and with no significant difference between SDTJ group and cisplatin group.  Conclusion:Shi Dao Tong Jie formula could restrain the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of TE-1 esophagus cancer cell line, which may be related to the down-regulation of the Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of the caspase 3 expression in the esophagus cancer cell line.