Objective: To observe the effect of Chinese herbs with tonifying kidney and replenishing qi actions on the adenosine content and the protein expression of the ATP synthase β aging rats' skeletal muscles  Methods: Thirty-two SD rats were randomized into four groups:normal group, model group, Chinese medicine group and methandienone group. Except the normal group, rats in the other groups were received subcutaneous injection of 10% D-galactose solution (100 mg·kg-1, once a day) for 10 weeks to make the aging models. After 10 weeks of intervention with Chinese herbs and methandienone, the contents of ATP,ADP and AMP in each group were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) - UV method to calculate energy charge (EC) value; the protein expression of the ATP synthase beta in skeletal muscles were detected by Western blotting  Results: Compared with the nomal group, the ATP content and EC value of skeletal muscles in the model group were decreased, and the AMP content was rised, and the protein expression of the ATP synthase beta was decreased significantly (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the ADP content in Chinese medicine group was declined, and the EC value was rised significantly; the ATP content and EC value in the methandienone group was rised significantly than those of the DC group; the protein expression of the ATP synthase beta was rised significantly in the Chinese medicine group and methandienone group (P<0.05). Compared with the methandienone group, the ADP content in the Chinese medicine group was reduced significantly (P<0.01)  Conclusion: Chinese herbs with tonifying kidney and replenishing qi actions can improve the protein expression of the ATP synthase β, improve energy metabolism of skeletal muscles and retard the aging process of body and skeletal muscles by enhancing ATP content and EC value.